Information and Communication Technology (ICT) products, such as smartphones and laptops, are commonly produced through complex supply chains that are characterised by low transparency and traceability. The supply chain involves many business intermediaries, from mineral extraction to finished product, making it difficult for consumers to know the source of minerals present in their ICT devices and if they are associated with conflict and human rights impacts. In this report, Swedwatch presents findings from an investigation on human rights risks and impacts associated with large-scale mining of copper, a mineral that is an essential component of ICT products. Swedwatch focused its research on Zambia, one of the largest copper producing and exporting countries in the world (see chapter 1: Introduction, page 7).